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Ocular findings in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A Case-Control study
Laila T Ababneh1, Mahmoud Bashtawi2, Bayan F Ababneh3
1Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Insights
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have abnormal near point of convergence. This study found significantly reduced near point of convergence in children with ADHD compared to controls.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatrics
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Background:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
- Ocular abnormalities may be associated with ADHD, but research is limited.
- Sibling controls can help minimize genetic and environmental confounding factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate ocular differences in children with ADHD compared to their unaffected siblings.
- To identify specific visual or ocular motor functions that may be impaired in ADHD.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 55 children with ADHD and 55 sibling controls.
- Comprehensive eye examinations including visual acuity, motility, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and corneal topography (Pentacam).
- Assessment of the near point of convergence (NPC).
Main Results:
- Visual acuity and refractive errors showed no significant differences between groups, with most children not requiring corrective lenses.
- OCT and Pentacam measurements indicated normal ocular structures and no significant group differences.
- A significantly higher percentage (41.9%) of children with ADHD exhibited abnormal near point of convergence compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder demonstrate a significant deficit in their near point of convergence.
- NPC abnormalities may represent a potential ocular motor marker associated with ADHD.
Background:
To evaluate the differences of ocular abnormalities between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children using siblings of cases in Jordan.
Methods:
A case-control study of 55 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and 55 children without the disorder as a control group using siblings of cases. Examination included visual acuity, motility, anterior and posterior segments, convergence, optical coherence tomography and corneal topography.
Results:
Thirty-eight patients from the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group had visual acuity better than 0.8 in both eyes; 36.4% had normal cyclorefraction, while 54.5% had mild hyperopia. Most of them did not need glasses. Tomography showed normal values with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The near point of convergence showed significantly abnormal values in 41.9% of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pentacam measurements showed normal values with no statistically significant differences between the two groups.
Conclusions:
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder show significant low near point convergence compared with the study control group.
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