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Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...

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Cross-reactivity

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...

Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines

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Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...

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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Oral Hypersensitivity Reactions.

Jacob P Reinhart¹, Eric T Stoopler², Glen H Crawford³

¹U.S. Navy, San Diego, CA, USA.

Dermatologic Clinics

|September 7, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic reactions in the mouth, often from dental materials, can cause oral lichenoid reactions and allergic contact cheilitis. Diagnosis is complex due to varied symptoms and overlap with other oral conditions.

Keywords:

Allergic contact stomatitis Dental restorations Hypersensitivity reaction Oral lichenoid reactions Oral mucosa Patch testing

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Area of Science:

Oral medicine
Allergology
Dermatology

Background:

Allergic contact hypersensitivity reactions of the oral mucosa present a significant clinical challenge.
These reactions are triggered by diverse allergens, frequently found in dental materials, flavorings, and preservatives.
The varied clinical presentation often mimics other oral conditions, complicating diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review common oral hypersensitivity reactions, specifically oral lichenoid reactions and allergic contact cheilitis.
To identify frequently encountered allergens associated with these oral conditions.
To summarize the underlying pathogenesis of oral hypersensitivity and discuss patch testing strategies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of allergic contact hypersensitivity reactions affecting the oral mucosa.
Analysis of common allergens in dental materials, flavorings, and preservatives.
Summary of clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and management approaches.
Review of the pathogenesis and patch testing for oral hypersensitivity.

Main Results:

Oral lichenoid reactions and allergic contact cheilitis are the most prevalent clinical manifestations.
Dental materials, flavorings, and preservatives are common causative allergens.
Patch testing is a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying specific allergens.

Conclusions:

Understanding the pathogenesis and clinical spectrum of oral hypersensitivity is vital for accurate diagnosis.
Identifying common allergens and employing patch testing can guide effective management strategies.
Further research into the complex interplay of allergens and oral immune responses is warranted.