A Scalable Silicon Nanowires-Grown-On-Graphite Composite for High-Energy Lithium Batteries

Silicon (Si) is the most promising anode candidate for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries but difficult to cycle due to its poor electronic conductivity and large volume change during cycling. Nanostructured Si-based materials allow high loading and cycling stability but remain a challenge for process and engineering. We prepare a Si nanowires-grown-on-graphite one-pot composite (Gt-SiNW) via a simple and scalable route. The uniform distribution of SiNW and the graphite flakes alignment prevent electrode pulverization and accommodate volume expansion during cycling, resulting in very low electrode swelling. Our designed nanoarchitecture delivers outstanding electrochemical performance with a capacity retention of 87% after 250 cycles at 2C rate with an industrial electrode density of 1.6 g cm^-3. Full cells with NMC-622 cathode display a capacity retention of 70% over 300 cycles. This work provides insights into the fruitful engineering of active composites at the nano- and microscales to design efficient Si-rich anodes.