The Documentation of Goals of Care Discussions at a Canadian Academic Hospital

Patient-centered care is a core principle of the Canadian healthcare system. In order to facilitate patient-centered care, the documentation of a patient's medical goals and expectations is important, especially in the event of acute decompensation when an informed conversation with the patient may not be possible. The 'Goals of Care Discussion Form (GCF)' at Kingston Health Sciences Centre (KHSC) documents goals of care discussions between patients and healthcare providers. All patients admitted to the Internal Medicine service are expected to have this form completed within 24 hours of admission. Formal measurement of form completion at our center has not previously been done, though anecdotally this form is often incomplete. The purpose of this study is to quantify the rate of completion and assess quality of documentation of the GCF at KHSC.

This prospective chart review took place between August 25, 2018, and March 25, 2019. Charts were reviewed for the presence of a completed GCF, and the quality of notation was assessed, as appropriate. Given there are no existing tools for assessing the quality of a document such as the GCF, authors TC and JM created one de novo for this study. Extracted data included the amount of time elapsed between admission and completion of the GCF, whether the 'yes/no cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)' order in the patient's chart aligned with their wishes as outlined on the GCF, and whether or not a patient's GCF was uploaded to the hospital's electronic medical record (EMR).

Two hundred sixteen charts were reviewed. Of these, 136 (63.0%) had a complete GCF. The mean GCF quality score was 3.4/7 (95% CI [3.2, 3.6]). The mean time elapsed from admission to the completion of the GCF was 1.5 days (95% CI [0.6, 2.4]). There were 130 charts with both a complete GCF and a 'yes/no CPR' order, and of these, 20 (15.4%) showed a discrepancy. Eighty-six (63.2%) of the completed GCFs were uploaded to the EMR.

The rate of GCF completion at KHSC is noticeably higher than expected based on the previous literature. However, our assessment of the quality of completion indicates that there is room for improvement. Most concerning, discrepancies were found between the 'yes/no CPR' order in a patient's chart and their stated wishes on the GCF. Furthermore, less than two-thirds of completed GCFs were found to have been uploaded to the hospital's EMR. Given the emphasis on patient-centered care in the Canadian healthcare system, our findings suggest that improvement initiatives are needed with respect to documenting goals of care discussions with patients.