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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

$Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain$

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

High-Frequency Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Craniofacial Pain.

Philip Finch^1,2, Peter Drummond³

¹Perth Pain Management Centre, Perth, Washington, Australia, pfinch@iinet.net.au.

Progress in Neurological Surgery

|September 9, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation, utilizing kilohertz frequencies, offers a promising approach for facial pain management. This advanced neuromodulation technique provides effective pain relief with advantages like lack of paresthesia and improved surgical placement.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Neuromodulation for facial pain has evolved since 1962, with traditional peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) using 1-100 Hz frequencies.
Recent advancements, particularly the 10-kHz spinal cord stimulation, have spurred interest in applying kilohertz (kHz) frequencies to peripheral neuromodulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the mechanisms of action for high-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation (HF-PNS) in treating facial pain.
To present clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of kHz frequency neuromodulation for various facial pain conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on high-frequency electrical stimulation for trigeminal neuralgia and other facial pain syndromes.
Discussion of the physiological effects of kHz frequency stimulation, including reversible nerve conduction block.
Presentation of clinical case studies demonstrating successful HF-PNS application.

Main Results:

High-frequency biphasic stimulation at kHz frequencies induces rapid, reversible conduction block in mammalian nerves.
While conduction block is a potential mechanism, other factors may contribute to analgesia.
Clinical examples show successful management of diverse facial pain conditions using HF-PNS.

Conclusions:

Kilohertz frequency neuromodulation presents distinct advantages over traditional low-frequency stimulation.
Key benefits include the absence of paresthesias, enhancing patient comfort.
The ability to position electrodes approximately 1 cm from the target nerve offers significant anatomical and surgical benefits.