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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
Published on: May 10, 2017
William G B Singleton1, Reiko Ashida1, Nikunj K Patel2
1Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, North Bristol Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for movement disorders. While historically effective for pain, challenges in patient selection and technique led to its decline, though it remains a last resort for intractable facial pain.
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