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Black phosphorus terahertz sensing based on photonic spin Hall effect.

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    A new terahertz (THz) sensor utilizes the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) for high-sensitivity refractive index detection. This novel approach offers a significant advancement for chemical and biosensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) sensing offers unique capabilities for non-ionizing spectroscopy and imaging.
    • The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) provides a mechanism for spin-dependent light manipulation.
    • Black phosphorus (BP) and Tamm structures are emerging materials for plasmonic and sensing applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel terahertz (THz) sensing scheme based on the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE).
    • To investigate the sensitivity and resolution of the proposed sensor for refractive index changes.
    • To explore the tunability of the sensing performance through structural and operational parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Illumination of a paraxial Gaussian THz beam onto a black phosphorus (BP)-based Tamm structure.
    • Observation and analysis of in-plane spin splitting in the reflected THz beam due to PSHE.
    • Utilizing Tamm plasmon resonance for enhanced sensitivity to refractive index variations in an analyte layer.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a high sensitivity of up to 2804 mm/RIU for spin-dependent shifts.
    • Demonstrated a refractive index resolution of approximately 10-8 RIU.
    • Showcased flexible tuning of sensitivity and dynamic sensing range via BP rotation, analyte thickness, and frequency.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed PSHE-based THz sensing scheme offers a new pathway for developing high-performance THz sensors.
    • The demonstrated sensitivity and resolution highlight its potential for advanced chemical and biosensing.
    • The tunable nature of the sensor enhances its versatility for various applications.