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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Affects Offspring's Epigenome. Is There a Way to Reduce the Negative Consequences?
Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska1, Piotr Wychowański2, Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka1,3
1Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication worldwide and may result in short-term and long-term consequences for offspring. The present review highlights evidence of epigenetic programming, mostly from human studies, which occurs in offspring exposed to maternal GDM during different stages of development, paying special attention to the differences in sensitivity of offspring to maternal hyperglycemia as a result of sex-related factors. We also aim to answer the following question: If these epigenetic changes are constant throughout the lifetime of the offspring, how do they present phenotypically?
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