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Active matter: Quantifying the departure from equilibrium.

Elijah Flenner1, Grzegorz Szamel1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle systems are driven by self-propulsion. Longer persistence times increase non-equilibrium behavior, but entropy production rate is not a reliable measure.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter

Background:

  • Active matter systems exhibit non-equilibrium dynamics at the constituent level.
  • Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle (AOUP) systems feature particles with self-propulsion governed by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
  • Understanding the degree of non-equilibrium is crucial for characterizing these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between self-propulsion persistence time and the non-equilibrium nature of AOUP systems.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different metrics in quantifying the departure from equilibrium.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of equal-time velocity correlations.
  • Examination of the Einstein relation between self-diffusion and mobility.
  • Calculation of entropy production rate from trajectory probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Increasing self-propulsion persistence time leads to enhanced non-equilibrium characteristics, evidenced by growing velocity correlations and violation of the Einstein relation.
  • The entropy production rate exhibits non-monotonic behavior with respect to persistence time.
  • Entropy production rate is found to be an inadequate quantifier of the system's deviation from equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • Self-propulsion persistence time is a key parameter determining the non-equilibrium state of AOUP systems.
  • Standard measures like velocity correlations and Einstein relation violation effectively capture the departure from equilibrium.
  • Entropy production rate, under these conditions, does not reliably indicate the extent of non-equilibrium behavior.