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Lessons from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: Harnessing Trained Immunity for Vaccine Development
Samuel T Pasco1, Juan Anguita1
1Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain.
Cells
|September 19, 2020
Summary
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine trains innate immunity, offering protection beyond its target pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This review explores BCG-induced trained immunity and future vaccine strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Traditional vaccines target specific pathogens via adaptive immunity.
- Innate immune evasion by microbes and trained immunity offer new vaccine design avenues.
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) provides protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and induces trained immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review BCG-induced trained immunity mechanisms.
- To discuss methods for enhancing BCG's trained immunity effects.
- To examine novel vaccine strategies including innate memory-based vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of BCG-induced trained immunity.
- Exploration of epigenetic mechanisms in trained immunity.
- Analysis of alternative vaccine delivery and formulation.
Main Results:
- BCG stimulates trained immunity, enhancing protection against Mtb and other pathogens.
- Trained immunity involves epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells.
- Alternative delivery methods may improve BCG's trained immunity efficacy.
Conclusions:
- BCG's ability to induce trained immunity broadens its therapeutic potential.
- Enhancing trained immunity could lead to broader protection against infections.
- Future research focuses on "innate memory-based vaccines" for improved antimicrobial defense.
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