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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Morbidities: A Review Article
Dibyata Rana1, Chenet Torrilus1, Wiqas Ahmad1
1Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Cureus
|September 21, 2020
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and heart failure. Early diagnosis and treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) can mitigate these serious health risks.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common, under-diagnosed condition characterized by airway obstruction during sleep.
- OSA's impact on cardiovascular (CV) health is significant, yet the precise mechanisms remain under investigation.
- Intermittent hypoxia and vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury are key cellular events in OSA's cardiovascular effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature and clarify the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular changes.
- To identify gaps in understanding how OSA affects the human body, particularly the cardiovascular system.
- To highlight OSA as a modifiable risk factor for cardiac events.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database.
- A total of 31 relevant published articles were included in the analysis.
- The review focused on studies investigating the cardiovascular consequences of OSA.
Main Results:
- A strong association was found between OSA and hypertension, including resistant hypertension.
- Findings support OSA's independent role in the development of various CV diseases.
- Included CV conditions were heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and ischemic stroke.
Conclusions:
- Obstructive sleep apnea is a significant and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality.
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for OSA patients.
- Addressing OSA is crucial for preventing and managing cardiovascular events.
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