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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Executive functions.

Adele Diamond1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

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|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study defines executive functions and traces their development in children up to age 11. It highlights how processing speed impacts these functions and discusses evaluation tools, warning that most measures assess multiple executive functions simultaneously.

Keywords:
ADHDCognitive flexibilityCreativityDelay of gratificationImpulsivityPrefrontal cortexSelf-controlSet shiftingWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Executive functions are crucial cognitive processes that develop throughout childhood.
  • Understanding this development is key to identifying potential learning or behavioral challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define executive functions and describe their developmental trajectory from infancy to pre-adolescence.
  • To explore the relationship between processing speed and executive function development.
  • To provide guidance on evaluating executive functions in children and highlight measurement complexities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on executive function development.
  • Discussion of theoretical models linking processing speed and executive functions.
  • Overview of common assessment tools for executive functions in pediatric populations.

Main Results:

  • Executive functions undergo significant development from infancy through childhood.
  • Processing speed appears to be a contributing factor to the development of executive functions.
  • Most available measures of executive functions assess multiple components, making isolated assessment difficult.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function development is a complex, multi-faceted process influenced by factors like processing speed.
  • Accurate assessment requires careful consideration of the interplay between different executive functions.
  • Interventions and evaluations should acknowledge the interconnected nature of working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility.