Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study
Marcelo do Amaral Ferreira1, Fábio Rodrigo Mandello Rodrigues2, Marco Antônio Luersen2
1Private Practice (Curitiba/PR, Brazil).
Objective:
To perform a numerical simulation using FEM to study the von Mises stresses on Mushroom archwires.
Methods:
Mushroom archwires made of titanium-molybdenum alloy with 0.017 x 0.025-in cross-section were used in this study. A YS of 1240 MPa and a Young's modulus of 69 GPa were adopted. The archwire was modeled in Autodesk Inventor software and its behavior was simulated using the finite element code Ansys Workbench (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, Pennsylvania, USA). A large displacement simulation was used for non-linear analysis. The archwires were deformed in their extremities with 0° and 45°, and activated by their vertical extremities separated at 4.0 or 5.0 mm.
Results:
Tensions revealed a maximum of 1158 MPa at the whole part of the loop at 5.0mm of activation, except in a very small area situated at the top of the loop, in which a maximum of 1324 Mpa was found.
Conclusions:
Mushroom loops are capable to produce tension levels in an elastic range and could be safely activated up to 5.0mm.
Related Concept Videos
Residual Stresses in Bending
Normal Strain under Axial Loading
Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials
Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress
Consider a set of Cartesian coordinates. The horizontal and vertical axes correspond to normal stress (σ) and shearing stress (τ), respectively. Two points, points A and B, are defined by the normal and shear...
Stresses under Combined Loadings
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

