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Ginger Extract Increases GLUT-4 Expression Preferentially Through AMPK Than PI3K Signalling Pathways in C2C12 Muscle

Marjan Tajik Kord1, Fatemeh Pourrajab1,2, Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam3,4

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy
|September 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ginger extract increases glucose transporter (GLUT-4) levels in muscle cells, primarily by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. This mechanism contributes to ginger's known blood sugar-lowering effects.

Keywords:
glucosemetabolismmyoblastssignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cellular metabolism
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • C2C12 mouse myoblast cells possess two key glucose metabolism pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
  • Ginger is recognized for its potential hypoglycemic properties.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying ginger's effects on glucose metabolism remain to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific signaling pathways through which ginger influences glucose metabolism in C2C12 myoblasts.
  • To determine whether ginger's hypoglycemic effects are mediated via the AMPK or PI3K pathways.

Main Methods:

  • C2C12 cells were treated with ethyl acetate ginger extract, with and without AMPK or PI3K inhibitors.
  • Expression levels of Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) protein were quantified in cytosolic and membrane cellular fractions.
  • Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting were employed for protein analysis.

Main Results:

  • Ethyl acetate ginger extract significantly increased GLUT-4 protein in the membrane fraction compared to control and inhibitor-treated groups (P < 0.05).
  • GLUT-4 levels were consistently higher in membrane fractions than cytosolic fractions across all experimental conditions.
  • The increase in membrane GLUT-4 was more pronounced when PI3K was inhibited than when AMPK was inhibited (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Ethyl acetate ginger extract modulates GLUT-4 protein levels in C2C12 myoblasts.
  • The primary mechanism involves the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.
  • The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a secondary role in mediating ginger's effects on GLUT-4.