[Laboratory investigations in clinical diabetic practice]

Area of Science:

• Clinical diagnostics
• Endocrinology
• Genetics

Background:

• Laboratory analysis is integral to clinical diabetic practice.
• Accurate diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus are essential.
• Identifying specific diabetes types and associated conditions impacts treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the diagnostic and management utility of laboratory investigations in diabetes mellitus.
• To emphasize the role of specific tests in classifying diabetes types.
• To underscore the potential for causal treatment in secondary diabetes forms.

Main Methods:

• Review of laboratory investigations used in diabetes diagnosis and management.
• Discussion of auto-antibody testing for Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune syndromes.
• Explanation of genetic testing for monogenic diabetes (MODY, MIDDM).

Main Results:

• Laboratory analysis aids in diagnosing diabetes mellitus forms.
• Metabolic control follow-up is facilitated by laboratory testing.
• Identification of secondary complications and associated diseases is possible through lab work.
• Auto-antibodies confirm Type 1 diabetes and polyglandular autoimmune syndrome.
• Genetic testing classifies monogenic diabetes.
• Underlying diseases in secondary diabetes can be detected, allowing causal treatment.

Conclusions:

• Laboratory investigations are indispensable for comprehensive diabetes care.
• Specific laboratory tests enable precise diagnosis and classification of diabetes.
• Detecting secondary causes of diabetes through lab analysis opens avenues for causal treatment.