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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
The changing landscape of systemic therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an update
Sandeep Gurram1, Munjid Al Harthy1, Mark W Ball1,2
1Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Abstract:
Treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) continue to expand. Three recent phase III trials, Checkmate 214, Keynote-426, and Javelin Renal 101, have led to FDA approval of three new regimens for patients with clear cell RCC: nivolumab plus ipilimumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, and avelumab plus axitinib, respectively. At the same time, the dearth of treatment options for non-clear cell RCC has changed very little. The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy has also come into question after the publication of the CARMENA and SURTIME trials. This review will examine recent changes in therapeutic options in clear cell RCC and non-clear RCC, and the role of surgery in the treatment of metastatic RCC.
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