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Quantifying gender norm resistance
Matthew G Nielson1, Carol Lynn Martin1, Leoandra Onnie Rogers2
1T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, 951 Cady Mall #144, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
Journal of Adolescence
|October 4, 2020
Summary
This study introduces the Gender Norm Resistance measure for adolescents, identifying indirect and direct resistance types. Findings reveal gender differences and varied experiences of resistance among early adolescents.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Adolescent Development
Background:
- Previous research identified indirect and direct gender norm resistance in adolescents.
- These types are motivated by gender-atypicality preference or a desire to change norms, respectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Gender Norm Resistance measure.
- To explore the relationship between gender norm resistance, gender self-concepts, and peer relations.
- To examine gender differences in gender norm resistance.
Main Methods:
- Developed the Gender Norm Resistance measure.
- Utilized factor analyses (EFA, CFA) and bivariate correlations for validity.
- Employed ANOVAs to analyze mean differences in a sample of 484 early adolescents.
Main Results:
- Validated the Gender Norm Resistance measure, confirming indirect and direct resistance types.
- Found significant mean differences across participant gender.
- Observed mean differences across types of gender norm resistance.
Conclusions:
- The Gender Norm Resistance measure demonstrates validity and utility.
- Adolescents experience indirect and direct gender norm resistance distinctly.
- Felt pressure to conform plays a limited role in gender norm resistance.
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