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The gonadotropic function of insulin.

L Poretsky, M F Kalin

    Endocrine Reviews
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Insulin plays a crucial role in ovarian function, exhibiting gonadotropic activity that influences steroidogenesis and potentially explains conditions like hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This highlights insulin

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Physiology
    • Hormonal Regulation

    Background:

    • Insulin's role in ovarian physiology is increasingly recognized.
    • Clinical data suggest insulin possesses gonadotropic activity, acting alone or with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
    • Insulin's presence in follicular fluid supports its direct ovarian function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the evidence supporting insulin's gonadotropic activity.
    • To explain clinical observations of ovarian dysfunction and hyperandrogenism through insulin's effects.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms and implications of insulin's role in ovarian steroidogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical observations and experimental data.

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  • Analysis of the association between insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and ovarian function.
  • Exploration of potential molecular mechanisms of insulin action on ovarian cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Insulin's gonadotropic activity can explain ovarian hypofunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
    • Hyperinsulinemia intensifies ovarian steroidogenesis, leading to hyperandrogenism and potentially polycystic changes.
    • Insulin may act via its own receptor or the IGF-1 receptor, particularly in insulin resistance.

    Conclusions:

    • Insulin is a key regulator of ovarian steroidogenesis and function.
    • Understanding insulin's gonadotropic role is vital for explaining various endocrine disorders, including PCOS, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance syndromes.
    • Further research into insulin's ovarian actions may reveal new therapeutic targets.