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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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Reactive Arthritis: Update.

Ibtissam Bentaleb1, Kawther Ben Abdelghani2, Samira Rostom1

  • 1Service of Rheumatology A, El Ayachi Hospital, University Mohamed V Rabat, 11150 SalĂ©, Morocco.

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reactive arthritis, a type of spondyloarthritis, is evolving in its presentation and epidemiology. Emerging research highlights the role of microbiome changes and promising biologic treatments for refractory cases.

Keywords:
Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritisHLA-B27Reactive arthritisSpondyloarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a form of spondyloarthritis with changing global epidemiology.
  • Factors influencing these changes include diagnostic approaches, clinical presentations, infection severity, and microbiome alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of reactive arthritis.
  • To update knowledge on its pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.
  • To outline clinical features and diagnostic methods based on recent literature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on reactive arthritis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends and pathophysiological models.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • The association between microbiome changes and spondyloarthropathies, including ReA, is increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of ReA is ongoing.
  • Biologic treatments show promise for refractory ReA cases.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive arthritis management is contingent upon the triggering agent and disease phase (acute vs. chronic).
  • Continued research is vital for refining diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ReA.
  • The evolving landscape of ReA necessitates updated clinical and research perspectives.