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Motivation in the return to work process: a self-determination cluster approach.

Charlotte Vanovenberghe1,2, Anja Van den Broeck3,4, Emelien Lauwerier2,5

  • 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

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Summary

Controlled motivation hinders return to work (RTW) and reduces quality of life in sick-disabled patients. Addressing this "have to" motivation is crucial for rehabilitation and successful RTW outcomes.

Keywords:
Self-determination theorymotivationqualityreturn to workvocational rehabilitationwork disability

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Occupational Health Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Motivation is a key predictor of return to work (RTW), but its measurement requires further scientific validation.
  • Self-determination theory (SDT) offers a dimensional approach to motivation, distinguishing amotivation, controlled, and autonomous motivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore motivational dimensions (amotivation, controlled, autonomous) in sick-disabled patients.
  • To examine associations between motivational profiles, quality of life, depression, patient RTW predictions, and healthcare provider estimations.
  • To investigate the utility of SDT in understanding RTW-related motivation.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 336 patients.
  • Motivation assessed using the Motivation at Work Scale (MAWS).
  • Cluster analysis to identify motivational profiles and explore differential associations.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct motivational profiles were identified.
  • Highly controlled motivation was prevalent, associated with poorer mental quality of life and longer predicted RTW time.
  • Healthcare provider estimations of motivation were not associated with controlled motivation.

Conclusions:

  • SDT effectively differentiates motivational profiles in patients with work disability.
  • Controlled motivation has detrimental effects on quality of life and RTW prognosis.
  • Clinical interventions should focus on converting controlled motivation to autonomous motivation by supporting patient autonomy, competence, and relatedness.