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Racial And Ethnic Inequities In Children's Neighborhoods: Evidence From The New Child Opportunity Index 2.0
Dolores Acevedo-Garcia1, Clemens Noelke2, Nancy McArdle3
1Dolores Acevedo-Garcia (dacevedo@brandeis.edu) is the Samuel F. and Rose B. Gingold Professor of Human Development and Social Policy and director of the Institute for Child, Youth, and Family Policy at the Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, in Waltham, Massachusetts.
Health Affairs (Project Hope)
|October 5, 2020
Summary
Neighborhood conditions significantly impact children's health, revealing vast racial and geographic inequities across US metropolitan areas. Addressing these disparities requires a focus on neighborhood environments, not just individual behaviors.
Area of Science:
- Environmental health
- Urban health disparities
- Childhood development
Background:
- Neighborhood environments profoundly influence children's health outcomes.
- Measuring neighborhood conditions is crucial for understanding child well-being.
- Existing research highlights the need for comprehensive metrics of neighborhood environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present new evidence on geographic and racial/ethnic inequities in neighborhood conditions using the Child Opportunity Index 2.0.
- To analyze the variation in neighborhood opportunity within and across US metropolitan areas.
- To inform the health sector's approach to improving children's health through environmental and mobility interventions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Child Opportunity Index 2.0, a composite metric for neighborhood conditions.
- Analyzed data across the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States.
- Examined geographic variations and racial/ethnic disparities in Child Opportunity Scores.
Main Results:
- Child Opportunity Scores varied widely, from 20 (Fresno, CA) to 83 (Madison, WI).
- Over 90% of variation in neighborhood opportunity occurred within metropolitan areas.
- Significant racial/ethnic inequities were observed: White children (73) had higher scores than Black (24) and Hispanic (33) children.
Conclusions:
- Neighborhood conditions are a critical determinant of children's health, exhibiting substantial inequities.
- The health sector must shift focus towards neighborhood conditions and implement place-based and mobility-based interventions.
- Collaborations with sectors like housing are essential for addressing neighborhood-related health disparities.
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