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Cortical Hemodynamic Response to Multi-afferent Stimulation: an optical imaging study.

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    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |October 6, 2020
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    Summary

    Optogenetic manipulation of pyramidal neurons alters cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses. Neuron inhibition caused delayed, widespread CBF increases, while excitation enhanced sensory-evoked CBF, offering insights into brain stimulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Physiology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Multisensory stimulation aids ischemic stroke recovery.
    • Neurovascular coupling mechanisms underlying stimulation effects remain unclear.
    • Optogenetics enables cell-specific investigation of brain function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of optogenetically manipulating pyramidal neurons on cortical hemodynamic responses.
    • To elucidate the role of neuronal activity in modulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) during sensory stimulation.
    • To understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of CBF changes induced by neuronal excitation and inhibition.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) for high-resolution mapping of cortical hemodynamics.
    • Employed optogenetics to selectively excite or inhibit pyramidal neurons in the sensorimotor cortex.
    • Administered sensory stimulation to assess its interaction with optogenetically modulated neuronal activity.

    Main Results:

    • Optogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons led to local and distant CBF increases with dual peaks and a broader duration compared to excitation.
    • Optogenetic excitation of pyramidal neurons enhanced local CBF responses to sensory stimulation.
    • Optogenetic inhibition initially decreased local CBF but increased distant CBF during sensory stimulation recovery.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuronal activity critically modulates cortical hemodynamic responses.
    • Differential effects of neuronal excitation and inhibition on CBF dynamics were observed.
    • Findings offer insights into brain stimulation mechanisms for potential clinical applications in neurological recovery.