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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Interaction-Induced Transparency for Strong-Coupling Polaritons.

Johannes Lang1,2, Darrick Chang3,4, Francesco Piazza2

  • 1Physik Department, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new many-body phenomenon in atomic media, leading to an interaction-induced transparency transition. This transition shifts between opaque and transparent phases by controlling photon-pump strength, offering tunable polariton control.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nonlinear optics

Background:

  • Light propagation in atomic media involves polaritons, hybrid light-atom quasiparticles.
  • Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) modifies light propagation.
  • Dissipative interactions between polaritons can lead to novel many-body effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of strong, dissipative polariton interactions on light propagation under EIT.
  • Explore the emergence of new many-body phenomena.
  • Identify conditions for observing interaction-induced transparency transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis using a systematic diagrammatic expansion of nonequilibrium Dyson equations.
  • Modeling polariton propagation in strongly coupled atomic media.
  • Considering long-range polariton interactions in photonic crystal waveguides.

Main Results:

  • A first-order phase transition occurs with increasing photon-pump strength.
  • The transition is between an opaque phase (broadened polaritons) and a transparent phase (long-lived polaritons).
  • Nonlinear interference effects due to dissipative interactions reconstruct the transparency window.

Conclusions:

  • Strong, dissipative polariton interactions can induce a novel many-body phenomenon and a transparency transition.
  • This transition is observable in photonic crystal waveguides, even at low polariton densities.
  • The findings are based on a controllable theoretical framework applicable to nonperturbative regimes.