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Citric acid from Aspergillus niger: a comprehensive overview
1School of Biological sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|October 12, 2020
Summary
This review details microbial citric acid production using Aspergillus niger, covering substrates, fermentation, and metabolic engineering. It highlights advancements like CRISPR/Cas9 for enhanced citric acid yield in industrial applications.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Industrial Microbiology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Citric acid is a vital industrial chemical with broad applications in food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and detergents.
- The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is a key microorganism for industrial citric acid production.
- Existing literature often reviews specific aspects of citric acid production, necessitating a comprehensive overview.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compile and summarize all aspects of microbial citric acid production by Aspergillus niger.
- To provide an updated overview of microorganisms, substrates, fermentation techniques, and biotechnological applications.
- To discuss advancements in metabolic engineering and genetic tools for enhancing citric acid yield.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Aspergillus niger and citric acid production.
- Analysis of biochemical pathways, metabolic engineering strategies, and fermentation technologies.
- Examination of genetic engineering tools, including CRISPR/Cas9, for strain improvement.
Main Results:
- Aspergillus niger is a highly efficient microbial cell factory for citric acid.
- Various substrates and pre-treatment methods significantly impact citric acid yield.
- Metabolic engineering and advanced genetic techniques offer substantial potential for optimizing citric acid production.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger is crucial for industrial applications.
- Integration of diverse biotechnological approaches can maximize citric acid yield and efficiency.
- Continued research into metabolic regulation and genetic enhancement holds promise for future advancements.
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