Maternal and neonatal behavior

Area of Science:

• Animal Behavior
• Comparative Mammalian Reproduction
• Livestock Management

Background:

• Maternal and neonatal behaviors exhibit significant interspecies variation in food-producing mammals.
• Current livestock management practices often do not fully account for these species-specific behavioral needs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the distinct maternal and neonatal behaviors in sows, ewes, and cows.
• To underscore the need for management strategies that align with these species-specific behaviors to reduce neonatal mortality.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of maternal behaviors (nesting, bonding) across sows, ewes, and cows.
• Examination of neonatal behaviors (suckling, teat order) and their implications for fostering.
• Review of weaning practices and their impact on behavior in piglets, lambs, and calves.

Main Results:

• Sows exhibit elaborate nesting behavior, with less reliance on immediate offspring recognition compared to ewes and cows.
• Ewes and cows require protected environments and opportunities for early bonding, especially with multiple births.
• Early weaning in piglets and dairy calves can lead to persistent behavioral issues and increased mortality.

Conclusions:

• Tailoring management to species-specific maternal and neonatal behaviors is crucial for improving animal welfare and reducing losses.
• Integrating recent research findings on animal behavior into livestock management practices is essential for progress.
• Addressing challenges in fostering and weaning can significantly decrease neonatal mortality rates.