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A deltamethrin crystal polymorph for more effective malaria control.

Jingxiang Yang1,2, Bryan Erriah1,2, Chunhua T Hu1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heating deltamethrin crystals creates a new form (form II) that is over 10 times more effective against malaria-carrying mosquitoes. This affordable innovation offers a vital tool to combat insecticide resistance and reduce malaria transmission globally.

Keywords:
deltamethrinepidemiological modelingmalariamosquitopolymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Public Health
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Pyrethroid insecticides are crucial for malaria control but face declining efficacy due to widespread resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes.
  • Insecticide resistance in Anopheles poses a significant global public health challenge, necessitating novel control strategies.
  • New insecticides can be prohibitively expensive for low-income countries, limiting access to effective malaria prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, inexpensive method to enhance the efficacy of deltamethrin, a widely used pyrethroid insecticide.
  • To investigate the potential of a novel crystalline form of deltamethrin to overcome insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes.
  • To assess the public health impact of using the enhanced deltamethrin form for malaria control.

Main Methods:

  • Commercially available deltamethrin crystals (form I) were heated and allowed to recrystallize into a new polymorph (form II).
  • The insecticidal activity of deltamethrin form II was compared to form I against Anopheles mosquitoes and fruit flies.
  • Epidemiological modeling was used to simulate the impact of form II on malaria transmission.

Main Results:

  • Heating deltamethrin crystals for a few minutes converted form I into a more potent polymorph, form II, with over 10-fold increased efficacy.
  • Deltamethrin form II demonstrated significantly faster action against both fruit flies and mosquitoes compared to form I.
  • Modeling indicated that indoor residual spraying with form II could substantially suppress malaria transmission, even with high resistance levels.

Conclusions:

  • A simple heat-induced transformation yields a highly effective deltamethrin polymorph (form II) against insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes.
  • Deltamethrin form II offers a stable, potent, and affordable malaria control solution suitable for resource-limited settings.
  • This innovation provides a timely and powerful strategy to combat pyrethroid resistance and mitigate malaria transmission worldwide.