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Related Experiment Video

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Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Hyperactive sensorimotor cortex during voice perception in spasmodic dysphonia.

Yuji Kanazawa1,2,3, Yo Kishimoto1, Ichiro Tateya4,5

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|October 15, 2020
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Summary

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) involves involuntary vocal spasms. This study found distinct sensorimotor cortex and thalamus activation during voice perception in SD patients, suggesting a role in the disorder and potential diagnostic biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech and Hearing Sciences
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a voice disorder characterized by involuntary laryngeal muscle spasms during speech.
  • Previous research suggests SD involves abnormal sensorimotor integration in the brain, but it's unclear if this reflects neural activity from abnormal vocalization itself.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific neural correlates of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) by examining brain activation during a sound discrimination task, independent of overt vocalization.
  • To differentiate neural activation patterns between individuals with SD and healthy controls during auditory perception of modal and falsetto voices.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain activity in 11 SD patients and healthy participants during a task involving auditory stimuli (modal and falsetto voices).
  • A group-by-stimulus interaction analysis was performed, focusing on differences in neural activation between the groups for each voice type, as falsetto vocalization is typically intact in SD.

Main Results:

  • A significant group-by-stimulus interaction was found in the left sensorimotor cortex and thalamus, indicating differential neural activation between SD patients and controls during modal voice perception.
  • Sensorimotor signals in these areas positively correlated with SD disease severity and achieved 73% accuracy in classifying individuals with and without SD using linear discriminant analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The sensorimotor cortex and thalamus are implicated in the pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia (SD).
  • Sensorimotor signals identified through this task may serve as novel biomarkers for SD diagnosis and understanding its neural basis.