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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
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Solidification of Ni-Re Peritectic Alloys.

W J Boettinger1, D E Newbury2, N W M Ritchie2

  • 1Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037.

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
|October 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies the Nickel-Rhenium (Ni-Re) phase diagram by precisely determining the peritectic invariant temperature and phase compositions using differential thermal analysis and microstructural analysis. Findings resolve previous discrepancies in Ni-Re alloy phase behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nickel-Rhenium (Ni-Re) alloys are critical in high-temperature applications.
  • Existing Ni-Re phase diagrams show discrepancies, necessitating accurate thermodynamic and phase boundary data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve conflicting data in previously published Ni-Re phase diagrams.
  • To accurately determine the peritectic invariant and phase compositions in Ni-Re alloys.
  • To analyze microsegregation and solidification behavior in as-cast Ni-Re alloys.

Main Methods:

  • Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) for thermal events.
  • Microstructural analysis to examine phase distribution.
  • Microprobe measurements for elemental composition analysis.

Main Results:

  • The peritectic invariant (L + HCP → FCC) was determined at 1561.1 ± 3.4 °C.
  • Compositions of liquid, FCC, and HCP phases at the peritectic invariant were precisely quantified.
  • A partition coefficient (k) of 1.54 ± 0.09 was calculated for solidification, with minor deviations from Scheil behavior observed.

Conclusions:

  • This investigation provides a refined Ni-Re phase diagram, resolving prior inconsistencies.
  • The determined peritectic invariant and phase compositions are crucial for alloy design.
  • Microsegregation analysis offers insights into solidification kinetics in Ni-Re systems.