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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

A wideband cryogenic microwave low-noise amplifier.

Boris I Ivanov¹, Dmitri I Volkhin¹, Ilya L Novikov¹

¹Novosibirsk State Technical University, K.Marx-Av.20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology

|October 21, 2020

Summary

A new low-noise amplifier operates effectively at cryogenic temperatures, offering high gain and low noise for sensitive microwave measurements, including superconducting qubit characterization.

Keywords:

HEMT amplifier cryogenic low-noise amplifier high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)microwave cryogenic amplifier microwave superconducting circuit readout superconducting qubit readout

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Area of Science:

Cryogenic Engineering
Solid-State Electronics
Quantum Computing Hardware

Background:

Cryogenic environments are crucial for sensitive measurements, demanding low-noise amplification.
High-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) offer potential for low-noise amplification at low temperatures.
Existing amplifiers may not meet the stringent requirements for advanced cryogenic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and characterize a broadband, low-noise, four-stage HEMT amplifier for cryogenic applications.
To evaluate the amplifier's performance at a 3.8 K temperature stage within a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator.
To demonstrate the amplifier's utility in characterizing superconducting quantum bits (qubits).

Main Methods:

Designed a four-stage HEMT amplifier circuit.
Characterized the amplifier within a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator at 3.8 K.
Measured power dissipation, gain across a frequency range, and equivalent noise temperature.
Utilized the amplifier to characterize a superconducting X-mon qubit coupled to a coplanar waveguide resonator.

Main Results:

Achieved power dissipation below 20 mW.
Obtained a gain exceeding 30 dB in the 6 to 12 GHz frequency range.
Demonstrated an equivalent noise temperature below 6 K across the specified frequency range.
Successfully applied the amplifier for superconducting qubit characterization.

Conclusions:

The developed broadband low-noise amplifier meets critical performance metrics for cryogenic measurements.
The amplifier's low noise and high gain make it suitable for various cryogenic microwave applications.
The successful characterization of a superconducting qubit validates the amplifier's practical utility in quantum information science.