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Intestinal Organoids: A Tool for Modelling Diet-Microbiome-Host Interactions.

Josep Rubert1, Pawel J Schweiger2, Fulvio Mattivi1

  • 1CIBIO - Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Trento, Italy.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|October 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dietary patterns influence gut health and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through gut microbial metabolites (GMMs). Intestinal organoids (IOs) offer a novel in vitro model to study these complex diet-microbiome-host interactions and disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
gut microbial metabolitesintestinal organoidsmicrobiomephytochemicalssingle cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Dietary patterns, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and gut microbial metabolites (GMMs) are critical in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis and influencing colorectal cancer (CRC) progression.
  • Current models for studying diet-microbiome-host interactions predominantly rely on animal models, limiting in vitro research capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential of intestinal organoids (IOs) as advanced in vitro platforms for modeling complex diet-microbiome-host relationships.
  • To explore how IOs can be utilized to investigate the impact of GMMs and microorganisms on intestinal health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing intestinal organoids (IOs) as a sophisticated in vitro system.
  • Investigating the responses of IOs to various gut microbial metabolites and microorganisms.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal organoids provide a high-complexity in vitro platform to model physiological and pathological conditions related to diet-microbiome-host interactions.
  • IOs enable the study of how GMMs and microorganisms affect intestinal epithelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal organoids offer unprecedented opportunities to study diet-microbiome-host interactions in vitro.
  • Understanding IO responses to GMMs and microbes can elucidate disease mechanisms and inform preventative strategies for conditions like CRC.