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Air content measurement in concrete is critical for ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete structures, especially in environments prone to severe weather conditions. Accurate air content analysis optimizes concrete's resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances its workability and strength. Several methods are standardized under ASTM guidelines to measure the air content in fresh concrete, each suitable for different concrete types and conditions.
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Mechanical vibrators are instrumental in compacting newly poured concrete within formwork and around reinforcements. This process is essential to eliminate trapped air pockets and establish a dense concrete mass. One widely used method is vibrating by internal vibrators, often referred to as a poker vibrator or immersion vibrator. It is rapidly inserted through the full depth of the freshly laid concrete and slightly extends into the layer below it (which remains in a plastic state). Consistent...
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When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
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The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
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The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...
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Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
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Wireless Sensing of Concrete Setting Process.

Giselle González-López1, Jordi Romeu1, Ignasi Cairó2

  • 1School of Telecommunication Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.

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A new wireless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system monitors concrete setting by embedding a temperature sensor. This system tracks temperature changes, offering real-time insights into material evolution.

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RFIDconcrete settingembeddedrelative permittivity

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Embedded Systems

Background:

  • The setting process of cement-based materials is critical for structural integrity.
  • Traditional methods for monitoring concrete setting are often invasive or labor-intensive.
  • Real-time, non-destructive monitoring is essential for quality control in construction.

Discussion:

  • This paper introduces a novel Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based wireless system for monitoring the setting process of cement-based materials.
  • The system utilizes an embedded wireless RFID temperature sensor within the concrete, communicating with an external RFID reader.
  • Temperature evolution over time serves as a key indicator for assessing the concrete's setting progression.

Key Insights:

  • A fully characterized Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bow Tie antenna operating at 868 MHz, matched to an EM4325 temperature chip via a T-match structure, enables embedded sensor operation.
  • The wireless system effectively measures temperature fluctuations within concrete during the setting phase.
  • Real-scenario measurements validate the system's performance and applicability.

Outlook:

  • This technology offers potential for enhanced quality control and predictive maintenance in civil engineering projects.
  • Further research could explore integration with other sensing modalities for comprehensive material characterization.
  • The system's adaptability may extend to other thermosetting materials beyond concrete.