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Related Concept Videos

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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Fetal ultrasound parameters: Reference values for a local perspective.

Navita Aggarwal1, G L Sharma2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging
|October 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Fetal biometric measurements in this population align with standard norms early in pregnancy but show lower values for head and abdominal circumference later on. This suggests population-specific growth variations impacting fetal well-being assessments.

Keywords:
Fetal-biometryHadlock standard reference chartsgestational ageultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Fetal biometry using ultrasonography (USG) is crucial for assessing fetal growth and well-being.
  • Key measurements include biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL).
  • Fetal dimensions are influenced by population-specific factors like demographics, nutrition, and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and analyze fetal biometric parameters within the local population.
  • To compare these local measurements against established international norms.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 425 fetuses.
  • Gestational age ranged from 18 to 38 weeks.
  • Descriptive statistics calculated mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals for each parameter per gestational week.

Main Results:

  • Mean biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) were comparable to Hadlock's norms, except for a slight decrease near term.
  • Head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC) fell below Hadlock's lower range starting from 24 weeks gestation.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal biometric parameters in the studied population tend to be at the lower end of established nomograms (Hadlock's white fetus norms).
  • This divergence becomes more pronounced as pregnancy progresses.
  • Population-specific reference ranges may be necessary for accurate fetal growth assessment.