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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Progress and Perspectives Beyond Traditional RAFT Polymerization.

Mitchell D Nothling1, Qiang Fu2, Amin Reyhani1

  • 1Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|October 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced polymers are now precisely synthesized using controlled radical polymerization, specifically Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Innovations in RAFT chemistry unlock new material possibilities for demanding applications.

Keywords:
controlled/living polymerizationphotochemistrypolymer structuresreversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)spatiotemporal regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Advanced materials with well-defined polymeric architectures are crucial in industry and academia.
  • Controlled radical polymerization techniques, particularly reversible-deactivation chain growth, enable precise polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore cutting-edge innovations in Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
  • To survey emerging strategies for activating thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds in RAFT.
  • To discuss the latest advances and future perspectives in applying RAFT-derived polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging reversible-deactivation chain growth procedures.
  • Utilizing the unique chemistry of thiocarbonylthio (TCT) compounds for controlled radical polymerization.
  • Investigating new strategies for initiation and external control in RAFT.

Main Results:

  • RAFT polymerization provides precise control over vinyl polymer chain growth.
  • Emerging TCT activation strategies enable polymerization in challenging environments.
  • RAFT-derived polymers show rich potential for high-performance applications.

Conclusions:

  • RAFT polymerization is a powerful tool for creating well-defined polymers.
  • Recent innovations expand the applicability of RAFT to a broader range of materials researchers.
  • The potential of RAFT for diverse high-performance applications is significant and growing.