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How Does Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Influence Upper Airway Stability in Rats?
Yanling Meng1, Wenyang Li1, Ying Zou1
1Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
Nature and Science of Sleep
|October 29, 2020
Summary
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) damages upper airway muscles. This damage, despite increased brain activity, leads to increased airway collapsibility.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Neuromuscular Science
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves upper airway collapse during sleep.
- Upper airway dilator muscles are crucial for maintaining airway patency.
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key pathophysiological process in OSA, causing muscle damage and plasticity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To dynamically assess the influence of CIH on the upper airway.
- To investigate the effects of CIH on upper airway dilator muscles and their neural control.
Main Methods:
- 44 rats were divided into normoxia (NO) and CIH groups.
- EMG, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and critical pressure (Pcrit) were recorded over 28 days.
- Transmission electron microscopy examined muscle ultrastructure at various time points.
Main Results:
- CIH induced genioglossus muscle ultrastructure damage and increased Pcrit from day 7 to 28.
- Genioglossus corticomotor area activity increased in the CIH group.
- EMG activity increased after 14 days of CIH and persisted for 2 weeks.
Conclusions:
- Elevated genioglossus corticomotor excitability did not counteract CIH-induced muscle damage.
- CIH ultimately increases upper airway collapsibility due to muscle damage.
- Findings highlight the detrimental effects of CIH on upper airway stability in OSA.
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