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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption01:19

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The process of oral drug absorption can be influenced by several factors. Weakly acidic drugs tend to be absorbed more readily from the stomach due to their nonionized state. However, absorption may be less efficient in the upper intestine, where drugs are often ionized. Interestingly, despite the stomach's apparent advantage for drug absorption, its mucous layer can hinder diffusion. Its surface area is also smaller than the intestine's, which can further slow down the absorption rate.
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Drug-receptor interaction describes the binding of receptors by drugs, but not all drug-receptor interactions result in activation and tissue response. For instance, the binding of agonists activates the receptor to generate a cellular reaction, while antagonists bind to receptors without causing their activation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
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MASI: microbiota-active substance interactions database.

Xian Zeng1, Xue Yang1, Jiajun Fan1

  • 1Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.

Nucleic Acids Research
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Microbiota-Active Substance Interactions (MASI) database links gut bacteria, active substances, and diseases. It expands knowledge on how microbes modify drugs, foods, and environmental factors, aiding therapeutic development.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Gut microbiota significantly influences human health by metabolizing xenobiotics and host-derived compounds.
  • Existing databases lack comprehensive data on microbiota's modification of active substances and bacterial abundance.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for personalized medicine and drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive database, MASI (Microbiota-Active Substance Interactions), detailing interactions between gut bacteria and various substances.
  • To provide information on substance alteration of microbiota and the abundance of gut bacteria in humans.
  • To complement existing databases and facilitate research in microbiota-regulated functions and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled data on 1,051 pharmaceutical, 103 dietary, 119 herbal, 46 probiotic, and 142 environmental substances.
  • Integrated information on interactions with 806 microbiota species and 784 microbiota-disease associations.
  • Included abundance profiles of 259 bacterial species from 3,465 patients and 5,334 healthy individuals.

Main Results:

  • MASI database contains extensive interaction data, including 11,215 bacteria-pharmaceutical, 914 bacteria-herbal, 309 bacteria-dietary, and 753 bacteria-environmental substance interactions.
  • The database links 806 microbial species to 56 diseases.
  • Provides bacterial abundance data for 259 species across patient and healthy cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • MASI is a valuable resource for understanding the complex interplay between gut microbiota and active substances.
  • The database supports research into microbiota-mediated drug metabolism, toxicity, and therapeutic interventions.
  • MASI enhances knowledge of gut bacteria's role in health and disease, accessible at http://www.aiddlab.com/MASI.