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Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap
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A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

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The Umbilicus Free Flap.

Geoffrey G Hallock1

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, St. Luke's Hospital, Sacred Heart Division, Allentown, Pa.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|November 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

For morbidly obese patients needing large free flaps, a panniculectomy with an umbilicus free flap offers a reliable option. This technique minimizes risks for both the flap and the abdominal donor site.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Obesity Medicine

Background:

  • Morbidly obese patients present unique challenges for reconstructive surgery requiring large free flaps.
  • Traditional options like the latissimus dorsi flap may be unavailable or unsuitable.
  • Alternative abdominal flaps carry significant donor site morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel technique utilizing a panniculectomy with an umbilicus free flap for large surface area reconstruction in morbidly obese patients.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach in minimizing flap and donor site complications.

Main Methods:

  • A central panniculectomy approach was employed, incorporating the umbilicus into the free flap.
  • Primary donor site closure was achieved through cephalad advancement of the retained panniculus.
  • This technique avoided extensive undermining of the upper abdomen.

Main Results:

  • The umbilicus free flap, as part of a panniculectomy, demonstrated reduced intrinsic flap risks.
  • Complications associated with the abdominal donor site were minimized.
  • The technique facilitated primary closure and avoided upper abdominal undermining.

Conclusions:

  • The umbilicus free flap combined with panniculectomy is a viable and safe option for large-area reconstruction in morbidly obese patients.
  • This method effectively addresses the challenges of flap harvest and donor site closure in this patient population.
  • It offers a reliable alternative when standard flap options are compromised.