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COVID-19 and Hematology-What Do We Know So Far?
Harshwardhan Khandait1, Garima Gandotra2, Sonali Sachdeva2
1Government Medical College and Hospital, Medical Square, Nagpur, 440003 India.
Insights
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, leading to blood clotting issues. This review examines COVID-19
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Virology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant global health concern.
- COVID-19 presents with a high transmission rate and can cause diverse systemic diseases.
- Hematological abnormalities and virus-related coagulopathies are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients, increasing risks of thrombotic complications and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for COVID-19.
- To analyze published reports on SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated coagulopathy.
- To present hematological manifestations, focusing on virus-associated coagulopathy, pathophysiology, clinical outcomes, and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of published reports on patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Analysis of coagulopathy defined by abnormalities in coagulation parameters (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer).
- Focus on hematological manifestations and virus-associated coagulopathy.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 is associated with a wide spectrum of hematological abnormalities.
- Virus-related coagulopathy increases the risk of severe thrombotic complications like pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction.
- Abnormalities in PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, and D-dimer are key indicators of coagulopathy in COVID-19.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 poses significant risks due to associated coagulopathy.
- Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19-related coagulopathy is crucial for effective management.
- Further research into treatment options for COVID-19 and its hematological complications is warranted.
Abstract:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19), was reported to the World Health Organization in late 2019. This disease quickly evolved into a public health concern and was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19's high transmission rate and potential to cause a spectrum of systemic diseases makes it imperative for researchers and clinicians worldwide to collaborate and develop a strategy to manage and contain this disease. Studies have shown a wide range of hematological abnormalities and virus-related coagulopathies in affected patients, resulting in an increased propensity to develop serious thrombotic complications or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in severe cases. The fatal implications of coagulopathy in the form of pulmonary embolism (PE), myocardial infarction (MI), and cerebral infarction compelled us to study in-depth the pathophysiology and treatment options related to COVID-19. This analysis reviews published reports on patients with confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection and associated coagulopathy, defined as abnormalities in the coagulation parameters prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer. In this review, we present the hematological manifestations of COVID-19, focusing on virus-associated coagulopathy and relevant pathophysiology, clinical outcomes, and treatment.
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