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Validity and reliability of the 'Leisure Participation Observation' among adults with intellectual disabilities: A
Aviva Keller1, Naomi Weintraub1
1School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Background:
Individuals with intellectual disabilities have decreased leisure participation, affecting their health and well-being. Existing measures of leisure participation are primarily based on self- or proxy reports. This study describes the initial validity and reliability of Leisure Participation Observation (LPO), developed for individuals with ID.
Method:
Two judge panels (N = 10 each) completed a table of specifications for content validity. Reliability of the LPO was established on 38 individuals with moderate ID 25-45 years old.
Results:
This study established the content validity of the LPO. Additionally, weighted kappa showed moderate-high statistically significant inter-rater reliability (.667-.859, p < .01) and low-moderate, significant test-retest reliability, based on intraclass correlations (.226-.474, p < .05). Finally, results yielded moderate-high internal consistency (α = .74).
Conclusions:
The LPO shows promise as an observation tool for assessing leisure participation in the moderate ID population that may serve as the basis for developing intervention programmes.
Related Concept Videos
Intellectual Disability
Naturalistic Observations
Reliability and Validity
Observational Studies
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...

