Endoscopic transsellar transdiaphragmatic approach for extensive suprasellar pituitary macroadenomas

In pituitary macroadenomas with extensive suprasellar extension (SSE), suprasellar region can be approached by extending exposure either anteriorly by adding bone removal of the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidal or posteriorly from inside the sellar cavity through diaphragma sella. The later approach has been rapidly regressed in favor of the anteriorly extended approach, mainly due to the inadequate angled illumination. Benefiting from the continuous evolution of visualization, authors, in current series, tried to revive this technique in form of pure endoscopic trans-sellar trans-diaphragmatic approach (ETSDA) for extra-capsular resection of pituitary macroadenomas with extensive SSE.

A prospective review including 10 patients of pituitary macroadenomas with extensive SSE more than 10 mm underwent extra-capsular resection via the ETSDA. The detailed technical nuances and surgical outcome of this approach were evaluated.

Six of 10 patients had SSE > 10 mm and 4 patients had SSE > 20 mm, grade B and C, respectively. Gross total resection was achieved in all cases. Postoperatively, visual field deficit was ameliorated to varying degrees in all patients. There were no serious intraoperative complications, and the clinically overt postoperative CSF rhinorrhea was not observed in any case.

Extra-capsular resection of pituitary macroadenomas with extensive SSE can be effectively and safely achieved using the ETSDA. Thus, it may be more preferable to the anteriorly extended approach that may potentially increase the risk for postoperative CSF rhinorrhea.