[Immune therapy and tumor angiogenesis].

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Vascular Biology
• Cancer Research

Background:

• Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is essential for tumor growth.
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drives endothelial cell proliferation and vascular permeability.
• Abnormal tumor vasculature leads to hypoxia, chromosomal instability, and immune suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the critical role of tumor vascularization in cancer progression.
• To underscore the limitations imposed by abnormal tumor vasculature on therapeutic interventions.
• To emphasize the need for therapies that normalize tumor blood vessels.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment.
• Analysis of the impact of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on endothelial cells (ECs).
• Examination of hypoxia-induced effects on cancer cells and immune cells.

Main Results:

• Chronic vascular leakage in tumors causes interstitial hypertension and impaired perfusion.
• Tumor hypoxia promotes cancer stem cell development and immune cell exhaustion.
• Abnormal tumor blood vessels impede the delivery of anti-cancer drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusions:

• Normalization of tumor vasculature is a promising strategy to enhance anti-cancer therapies.
• Improving the tumor microenvironment through vascular normalization can overcome therapeutic resistance.
• Targeting tumor angiogenesis and vascular maturation is critical for effective cancer treatment.