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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.3K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.4K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.3K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.3K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.3K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

2.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
2.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

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Strong Coupling beyond the Light-Line.

Kishan S Menghrajani1, William L Barnes1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom.

ACS Photonics
|November 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strong coupling in optical microcavities creates hybrid polariton states. This study reveals that modes beyond the light-line also undergo strong coupling, crucial for understanding molecular interactions in resonators.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Chemical Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Strong coupling between molecules and optical microcavities forms hybrid states known as polaritons.
  • Understanding the role of optical modes, especially those beyond the light-line, is essential for advancing molecular strong coupling research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the strong coupling of a single molecular vibrational mode to multiple photonic modes, including those outside the light-line.
  • To experimentally and numerically demonstrate strong coupling in metal-clad microcavities and distributed Bragg reflector microcavities for modes beyond the light-line.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized grating coupling with metal-clad microcavities to probe modes beyond the light-line.
  • Employed numerical modeling alongside experimental investigations.
  • Examined a variant of metal-clad microcavities using distributed Bragg reflectors.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence confirms strong coupling to modes beyond the light-line in metal-clad microcavities.
  • Distributed Bragg reflector microcavities also exhibit strong coupling to modes beyond the light-line.
  • The study highlights the significant impact of these modes on molecular resonance strong coupling.

Conclusions:

  • Beyond the light-line modes play a critical role in molecular strong coupling within optical microcavities.
  • These findings are relevant for designing advanced strong coupling resonators for chemical and materials science applications.