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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
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Post-swim oxygen consumption: assessment methodologies and kinetics analysis.

Ana Sofia Monteiro1,2, Diogo D Carvalho1,2, Rui Azevedo3

  • 1Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Physiological Measurement
|November 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study found that backward extrapolation of the first 20 seconds of recovery is the most accurate method for determining exercise oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in swimmers across various intensities. Recovery kinetics also differ, showing mono-exponential patterns at lower intensities and bi-exponential at severe paces.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Background:

  • Assessing maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is crucial for evaluating exercise performance.
  • Recovery-based methods offer an alternative to traditional incremental tests for VO2peak determination.
  • Understanding VO2peak recovery kinetics provides insights into physiological responses to exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare different recovery-based methods for assessing VO2peak in swimming.
  • To analyze the kinetics of oxygen uptake recovery curves at varying exercise intensities.
  • To identify the most accurate method for VO2peak estimation in swimmers.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen competitive swimmers completed a 5x200m front crawl intermittent protocol.
  • Respiratory gas exchange was measured continuously during and post-exercise using a portable gas analyzer.
  • VO2peak was directly determined (VO2dir) and compared with linear/exponential backward extrapolations and mathematical modeling of recovery curves.

Main Results:

  • VO2dir increased with exercise intensity, from low-moderate to severe.
  • Linear and exponential regressions of the first 20s of recovery yielded VO2peak values closest to VO2dir across all intensities.
  • Recovery curves followed a mono-exponential pattern for low-moderate/heavy intensities and a bi-exponential pattern for severe intensities.

Conclusions:

  • Backward extrapolation of the initial 20 seconds of recovery is the optimal method for estimating VO2peak in swimming.
  • Exercise intensity significantly influences oxygen uptake recovery kinetics, with distinct patterns observed between moderate and severe exercise domains.