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Neural generators involved in visual cue processing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
David Zarka1,2, Axelle Leroy1, Ana Maria Cebolla1
1Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
The European Journal of Neuroscience
|November 10, 2020
Summary
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show altered neural activity in early visual attention processing. Executive networks appear overactive, interfering with attention networks in ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disruptions in visuo-attentional processes.
- Altered neural activity in response to stimuli is a key characteristic observed in ADHD.
- Understanding the early neural underpinnings of attention deficits is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate differences in neural generators of event-related potentials (ERPs) during early visuo-attentional processing between children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC).
- To determine if executive-related brain areas are recruited earlier in children with ADHD compared to TDC.
Main Methods:
- Used source localization (swLORETA) to analyze ERPs and event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP) evoked by cue stimuli in a visual Go/Nogo task.
- Compared neural activity between 15 children with ADHD and 16 TDC.
- Analyzed ERP generators across different time windows (0-500 ms).
Main Results:
- Significant differences in N200/P200 amplitude were observed over right centro-frontal regions, with greater involvement of visuo-motor, premotor, and prefrontal cortex in ADHD.
- Increased beta power spectrum in ADHD was linked to heightened activity in occipito-parieto-central areas and reduced activity in the supramarginal and prefrontal cortex.
- Differences in ERP generators emerged as early as 50 ms, showing increased activity in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, and fusiform gyrus in ADHD.
Conclusions:
- Neural generators of ERPs differ between ADHD and TDC from the early stages of visuo-attentional processing.
- Children with ADHD exhibit an overinvestment of executive networks, which may interfere with the dorsal attention network.
- These findings highlight early neural alterations in attention networks in children with ADHD.
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