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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology
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Dangerous Pathogens as a Potential Problem for Public Health.

Edyta Janik1, Michal Ceremuga2, Marcin Niemcewicz1

  • 1Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|November 11, 2020
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Dangerous pathogens like bacteria and viruses pose significant global health threats, causing severe illnesses and economic disruption. Understanding their characteristics and treatments is crucial for public health preparedness and response.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health Preparedness

Background:

  • Pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, have historically caused devastating epidemics, such as the Black Death.
  • Certain high-priority pathogens are recognized for their potential as biological warfare agents and significant public health impact.
  • The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and novel viruses like SARS-CoV-2 highlights ongoing and evolving threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the most dangerous pathogens affecting human populations.
  • To provide an overview of their mechanisms of action and available treatments.
  • To underscore the importance of public health preparedness against infectious disease outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of information on historical and contemporary pathogens.
  • Analysis of pathogen characteristics, including transmission, virulence, and impact.
  • Examination of public health and economic consequences of major outbreaks.

Main Results:

  • Identified key bacterial and viral pathogens of significant public health concern, including Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and SARS-CoV-2.
  • Detailed the severe health, social, and economic disruptions caused by these pathogens.
  • Highlighted the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance and the need for robust response strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Dangerous pathogens represent a persistent threat requiring continuous vigilance and preparedness.
  • Effective management necessitates understanding pathogen characteristics, mechanisms, and treatment options.
  • Global health security depends on proactive public health measures and rapid response capabilities.