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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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MIS-C and Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities.

Nak Hyun Choi1, Michael Fremed1, Thomas Starc1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.

Pediatrics
|November 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) affects 19% of pediatric patients with first-degree atrioventricular block. Close electrocardiogram monitoring is crucial for early detection and management of these conduction anomalies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition linked to COVID-19.
  • Conduction anomalies, such as atrioventricular block (AVB), can occur in pediatric patients with MIS-C.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of conduction anomalies in pediatric patients with MIS-C.
  • To identify potential predictors for the development of AVB in MIS-C patients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted on pediatric patients (<21 years) diagnosed with MIS-C.
  • Serial electrocardiograms were analyzed to detect first-degree AVB during the acute phase of MIS-C.

Main Results:

  • 19% (6 of 32) of pediatric MIS-C patients developed first-degree AVB.
  • The median longest PR interval was 225 ms in patients with AVB, compared to 140 ms in those without.
  • AVB resolved spontaneously in all cases, with no progression to high-degree heart block.

Conclusions:

  • First-degree AVB occurs in 19% of pediatric MIS-C cases.
  • Close electrocardiogram monitoring is recommended for pediatric patients admitted with MIS-C.
  • Early detection of AVB in MIS-C is important, as it appears to resolve without significant long-term complications.