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Intestinal gluconeogenesis and protein diet: future directions
Amandine Gautier-Stein1,2,3, Fabienne Rajas1,2,3, Gilles Mithieux1,2,3
1INSERM U1213, F-69008Lyon, France.
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
|November 16, 2020
Summary
High-protein diets promote satiety and weight loss by activating intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN). This process, involving portal glucose sensing, influences brain signals that regulate energy homeostasis and food intake.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic Physiology
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
Background:
- High-protein diets are recognized for potential benefits in satiety, weight management, and glucose regulation.
- The precise mechanisms underlying these effects and their long-term efficacy remain subjects of ongoing scientific discussion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the role of intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) in mediating the health benefits of protein-rich diets.
- To explore how IGN and subsequent portal glucose sensing contribute to satiety and energy homeostasis regulation.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on intestinal gluconeogenesis and protein metabolism.
- Analysis of signaling pathways linking nutrient sensing in the gut to central appetite regulation.
- Investigation of the role of portal glucose sensing and opioid signaling in protein-induced satiety.
Main Results:
- Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is identified as a key contributor to endogenous glucose production, alongside the liver and kidneys.
- Protein diets stimulate IGN, leading to increased portal vein glucose detection.
- This glucose sensing initiates neural signals to the hypothalamus, influencing satiety and energy balance, partly via the μ-opioid system.
Conclusions:
- Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) serves as a crucial link between nutrient intake, particularly from protein, and the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis.
- Understanding IGN's role opens avenues for novel nutritional strategies to combat metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes.
- Targeting IGN in specific models can reveal further metabolic functions influenced by protein-rich diets.
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