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Related Concept Videos

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

469
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
469
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

266
The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
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Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

328
In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

281
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
281
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

395
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
395
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

429
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
429

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Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes
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A Constitutive Material Model Applied to Microforming Processes.

Zbigniew Zimniak1

  • 1Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, Wrocław University of Technology, ul. Łukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Microforming plastic products is challenging due to the size effect. This study developed a constitutive equation considering grain size and sample scaling, improving finite element method (FEM) simulations for titanium.

Keywords:
FEMconstitutive modelmicroformingsize effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Manufacturing Processes

Background:

  • Microforming processes face challenges due to the size effect, altering material behavior at the microscale.
  • Understanding and modeling these size effects is crucial for accurate microforming simulations.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the complexities of material behavior at the microscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a constitutive equation that accounts for size effects in microforming.
  • To investigate the influence of grain size and geometric scaling on material flow stress.
  • To validate the proposed model using finite element method (FEM) simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Elaboration of a constitutive equation incorporating surface and composite material models.
  • Consideration of two types of size effects: material grain size and geometric scaling.
  • Application of the model to titanium Grade 2 and comparison with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The developed constitutive equation successfully modeled the size effects in microforming.
  • FEM simulations based on the new model showed good agreement with experimental results for titanium Grade 2.
  • The study demonstrated the importance of considering size effects in microforming simulations.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate FEM modeling of microforming requires material models that incorporate size effects.
  • The proposed constitutive equation provides a robust approach for predicting material behavior during microforming.
  • This research contributes to the advancement of microforming technology and material modeling.