Diagnosis of Leiomyosarcoma after Uterine Artery Embolization for Multiple Leiomyomas

Uterine sarcoma is significantly rarer than leiomyoma and has poor prognosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma is difficult because its symptoms, including pelvic pain, uterine mass, and/or uterine bleeding, are very similar to those of leiomyoma. There are a few cases of leiomyosarcoma wherein leiomyoma was treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE); these reports revealed that the symptoms of hypermenorrhea or/and pelvic pain persisted even after UAE. Symptoms persisting even after UAE treatment for leiomyomas, especially multiple leiomyomas, should be investigated to rule out leiomyosarcoma. Therefore, long-term follow-up is needed. Here, we describe a case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma 3 years after undergoing UAE for multiple leiomyomas.