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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
159
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

325
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
325
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
588
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

488
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
488
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

149
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

217
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Noninvasive and Invasive Renal Hypoxia Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
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Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Lowered Plasma-Free Thiol Levels.

Lisanne Boekhoud1, Jacqueline Koeze2, Elisabeth C van der Slikke1

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Plasma-free thiols, indicators of oxidative stress, were lower in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis. These findings suggest free thiols may help identify patients at risk for AKI in the ICU.

Keywords:
acute kidney injury (AKI)free thiolshydrogen sulphideoxidative stressreactive oxygen species (ROS)sepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition characterized by rapid kidney function decline.
  • Oxidative stress is a key factor in AKI development and progression.
  • Free thiols (R-SH) are vital extracellular antioxidants, and their levels reflect systemic oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between plasma-free thiol levels and AKI in critically ill patients upon ICU admission.
  • To determine if plasma-free thiols can serve as a biomarker for AKI in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 301 critically ill patients was studied.
  • Plasma samples were collected upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
  • Albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiol levels were measured and analyzed in relation to AKI status.

Main Results:

  • Patients with AKI exhibited significantly lower albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiol levels compared to those without AKI (p < 0.05).
  • Lower free thiol levels correlated with increased age, higher neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, elevated creatinine, and reduced serum albumin.
  • Albumin-adjusted free thiol levels were also significantly reduced in patients with sepsis compared to those without sepsis (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiols are significantly reduced in critically ill patients with AKI and sepsis.
  • These findings support the potential utility of plasma-free thiols as a biomarker for identifying AKI risk in the ICU setting.