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Comparing the Indirect Effects between Exploiters in Predator-Prey and Host-Pathogen Systems.

Michael H Cortez, Meghan A Duffy

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Indirect interactions between pathogens and predators share similarities, but pathogen interactions can differ due to host competition. Lethality is a key mechanistic difference impacting population dynamics in exploiter systems.

    Keywords:
    consumer-resource interactionshost-parasitehost-pathogenindirect effectsinterspecific competitionpredator-prey

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Population Dynamics
    • Theoretical Biology

    Background:

    • Exploiters (predators, pathogens) interact indirectly through shared host/prey species.
    • Interspecific competition and predator specialization influence predator indirect interactions.
    • Indirect interactions between pathogens remain less understood compared to predators.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare population-level indirect interactions between predators and pathogens.
    • To investigate factors affecting indirect pathogen interactions: host competition, pathogen specialization, and transmission routes.
    • To identify mechanistic differences driving contrasting indirect interactions between predators and pathogens.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized two-predator-two-prey and two-host-two-pathogen mathematical models.
    • Analyzed indirect effects based on host competitive abilities and pathogen transmission pathways (direct vs. environmental).

    Main Results:

    • Indirect effects between pathogens and predators often show similar patterns, e.g., increased positive effects with higher interspecific competition.
    • Indirect effects between pathogens can differ qualitatively, showing more negative effects with increased interspecific host competition.
    • Lethality (predation vs. infection) is a key mechanistic difference influencing indirect interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • While predator and pathogen indirect interactions share some similarities, host competition significantly impacts pathogen interactions differently.
    • The non-lethal nature of many pathogen-host interactions creates distinct population-level dynamics compared to predatory systems.
    • Understanding these mechanistic differences is crucial for predicting the population-level consequences of exploiter interactions.